Abstract

Biocatalysis utilizes enzymes and microbial cells as catalysts for a wide range of applications in biotechnology. Immobilization of biocatalysts on various materials has several advantages, including the capacity to reuse, quick reaction termination, easy recovery of biocatalyst as well as to improve operational stability. The present article focuses on the use of material supports for developing immobilized biocatalysts in applications related to energy, environment, and chemical synthesis.

The work provides a comprehensive overview of a broad class of materials, including organic, inorganic, and composites, that have shown to be prosperous candidates to support the immobilization of enzymes and microbial cells. It also highlights the properties of nanomaterial support which have large surface area and a comfort compartment for immobilization. Finally, potential challenges, future approaches in developing immobilized biocatalytic systems for various applications, and novel material supports are suggested.