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Carbonaceous material obtained from bark biomass as adsorbent of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions

2020-03-02

Abstract

In this work, a novel carbonaceous material from Haematoxylum campechianum (C‑HC) was obtained as an alternative adsorbent for eliminating phenol (Phen), 4‑chlorophenol (4‑ClPhen) and 4‑nitrophenol (4‑NPhen) from aqueous solutions. The carbonaceous material was prepared from bark biomass after phosphoric acid impregnation followed by thermal treatment at 500 °C for 60 min. The material was characterized by X‑ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/​Energy dispersive X‑ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The textural parameters and the point of zero charge of the C‑HC adsorbent were determined as well. The results show that the carbonaceous material was obtained as a mixed graphitized/​amorphous phase. The major components of this material were carbon, oxygen, and in a minor amount, the phosphorous and sodium. The surface area, pore-volume, and mean pore diameter of this material were 181.49 m2/​g, 0.09396 cm3/​g, and 2.07 nm, respectively, with a pHpzc of 7.02. To determine the optimal conditions and the maximum adsorptive capability of the obtained C‑HC material against phenolic compounds, various conditions such as the contact time (15180 min), initial adsorbate concentration (101000 mg L-1), C‑HC dose (525 mg L-1) and solution pH (210) were investigated using batch experiments. The time to reach the equilibrium for 4‑NPhen and 4‑ClPhen was approximately 60 min, comparted to 120 min for Phen. The experimental data fit well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R20.99) in all cases, and the kinetic constant of pseudo-second-order was highest for 4‑NPhen (k2=0.075 g/(mg min). The experimental data of the isotherms were well fitted to Langmuir and Lui model. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) based on the Langmuir model was obtained for Phen (94.09 mg/​g). The dose of the C‑HC and the pH of the phenolic aqueous solutions influence the sorption capacity of the carbonaceous material. The best conditions to reach the maximum adsorption of the phenolic compounds were with a dose of 20 mg/​L and at pH 2. The solubility, pKa and the dipolar moment of the phenolics affect notably the kinetic and the maximum adsorption capacity of the C‑HC, considering that 4‑Phen has the lowest solubility and pKa constant, and the highest dipolar moment.

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M. Abatal, I. Anastopoulos, D.A. Giannakoudakis, M.T. Olguin. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8 (3) (2020) 103784.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343720301329?via%3Dihub

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